WASHINGTON — A proposed federal commission on artificial intelligence ethics could help address moral questions associated with the rapidly developing technology, but there are still some areas in which they believe the proposal falls short, experts say.   

Sens. Ted Cruz, a Texas Republican, and Raphael Warnock, a Georgia Democrat, introduced a bill last week that would create a cross-party body of experts to “advise Congress on the ethical and policy implications of emerging technologies” such as artificial intelligence. 

According to a summary of the bill, titled the Human Dignity and Emerging Technologies Act, the federal government lacks an institution dedicated to studying the deeper ethics of AI and the threats it poses to human dignity.

“Emerging technologies have the potential to improve everyday life and strengthen America’s position on the global stage,” Cruz said in a joint press release announcing the bill’s introduction. “But as these technologies continue to evolve, we should carefully consider the ethical questions they raise and ensure human dignity remains at the center of our policymaking.”

The commission would inform “both Congress and the American people on the best path forward,” Warnock added.

“As artificial intelligence continues to become a larger part of our society, we need to be clear eyed about addressing the potential problems and perils of this technology,” Warnock said.

The bill was referred to the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation, which Cruz chairs.

The proposed commission would have a wide focus but a narrow function, largely serving as a researcher and advisor for lawmakers. The legislation would authorize $2 million per year to the commission for the next five fiscal years. The panel would sunset in 2032, according to the bill summary, allowing Congress to reconsider its function and effectiveness.

AI bioethics

The proposed commission would focus on examining AI advancement as it relates to bioethics, a decades-old area of research that considers the ethical questions raised by emerging technologies. 

Vardit Ravitsky, president and CEO of the Hastings Center for Bioethics, a nonpartisan think tank, said bioethics is an effective foundation for AI policy. It can help shape a regulatory structure from the outset of a developing technology, giving regulators and courts guiding principles.

“When we do the thinking ahead of time, and we have principles to guide the implementation, the rollout of the technology works better, more responsibly, more wisely, and then we can reap the benefits without running into so many problems,” she said in an interview.

Ravitsky said she is “fully in favor” of the commission outlined in the Human Dignity and Emerging Technologies Act, especially because such a body could help address high-stakes concerns related to AI use in the medical field. 

Ravitsky teaches bioethics at Harvard Medical School, where she specializes in emerging technologies including genomics, reproductive technologies and health AI. 

Ethical questions in medicine include the level of disclosure owed to patients when AI is involved with their care and what to do about people treating chatbots like their personal therapists. 

“You quickly understand why this has to do with humanity, because we need to ask ourselves: ‘Are we going to allow AI to take over any kind of role in the health context, or do we want to limit AI to roles that don’t involve care,’” she said. 

Developers needed

The Human Dignity and Emerging Technologies Act outlines four main features for its proposed ethics commission. 

First, according to the bill summary, the committee would be bipartisan, consisting of 17 experts in fields including philosophy, ethics, religion, civil rights, social sciences, medicine, technology and science. Members would be appointed by “the President, congressional leaders and relevant congressional committees.”

Ravitsky said she is in favor of having ethicists on the commission and believes maintaining bipartisanship is key. But she also recommends inviting AI developers and some representatives from the private sector to participate, given how quickly artificial intelligence is evolving. 

Without them, she said, “the conversation is very limited” because those involved “need some understanding of the technology.”

Julian Jonker, an assistant professor of legal studies and business ethics at the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School, has his own concerns about the way in which the proposed commission’s members would be chosen. 

Although the process laid out in the bill represents “an attempt for bipartisan nomination,” because one party currently controls all three branches of U.S. government, there is still a chance the commission could end up “fairly partisan,” Jonker said.

Opportunity to expand  

Along with detailing plans for composition, the Human Dignity and Emerging Technologies Act directs its ethics commission to hold public hearings, issue reports and advise Congress and other relevant stakeholders on “AI, robotics, biotechnology, neurotechnology, emerging clinical technologies and other science or tech developments.” 

The commission would inform lawmakers about possible threats to human dignity posed by federal science and tech policy, and other congressional committees could call on the body to evaluate related programs. 

Jonker said it’s “really laudable” that the bill is “tuned into the intersection of several technologies,” but he also pointed out that it seems to exclude some important social concerns surrounding AI by focusing mainly on bioethics.

He identified issues such as labor displacement, deepfakes and the widespread use of online bots as among those the average American thinks about when considering AI’s impact on human dignity. 

The proposal also does not cover anything having to do with the environmental and economic consequences of AI buildup or data centers, he added. 

“I’m not saying that the commission has to cover everything,” he said. “But if this is the main way in which deliberation around the social impact of AI appears in Sen. Cruz’s framework, then we must note that it leaves out those things that I think are very prominent in most people’s minds right now.” 

This story is republished from the Ohio Capital Journal under a Creative Commons license. View the original article.